Comparing the promotion strategies for construction of healthy enterprises / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To compare the promotion strategies for the construction of healthy enterprises in eight provinces and municipalities of China and summarize the working experience. METHODS: The purposive sampling method was used. One to two administrators or technical experts in charge of the construction of health enterprise from each province were selected to conduct qualitative interviews, to understand the progress of construction of healthy enterprise and suggestions. Data analytic method was used to analyze the implementation strategies and management mechanism of construction of healthy enterprises. Comparative study was used to summarize and compare the similarities and differences between the content of healthy enterprise construction and the standard evaluation system. RESULTS: The policy text of construction of healthy enterprise in eight provinces and municipalities basically followed the national management idea and working principles.There were breakthroughs and innovations in implementation strategies such as Level Management, Dynamic Management and Incentive Measures. Their evaluation systems cover the four common dimensions of healthy enterprise construction, emphasizing evaluation index contents such as Health Outcome/Effect, Health Activities, and Health characteristics, highlighting local and industrial characteristics. CONCLUSION: The eight provinces and municipalities have carried out their own distinctive work in promoting the construction of healthy enterprises, and the relevant experiences can be used as reference for other places.

Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Approach for Management of Patients with Potential Difficult Mask Ventilation and Tracheal Intubation: A Multi-center Randomized Trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background:</b>Patients with potential difficult mask ventilation (DV) and difficult intubation (DI) are often managed with awake intubation, which can be stressful for patients and anesthesiologists. This prospective randomized study evaluated a new approach, fast difficult airway evaluation (FDAE). We hypothesized that the FDAE approach would reduce the need for awake intubation.</p><p><b>Methods:</b>After obtaining informed consent, 302 patients with potential DV/DI undergoing elective surgeries were randomly assigned to the FDAE group (Group E) and the control group (Group C). In Group E, patients were gradually sedated, and adequacy of manual mask ventilation during spontaneous breathing was assessed at various sedation levels. Awake intubation was applied in those with inadequate mask ventilation. In Group C, DI was evaluated under local anesthesia. However, the care team could intubate under general anesthesia if the vocal cords were visible. The primary outcome was the rate of awake intubations in both groups and the induction efficiency assessed by the induction time. The secondary outcome was the incidence of serious complications.</p><p><b>Results</b>The rate of awake intubation was significantly lower in Group E than that in Group C (5.81% vs. 36.05%, χ = 42.3, P < 0.001). The induction time was much shorter in Group E than in Group C (11.85 ± 4.82 min vs. 18.71 ± 7.85 min, t = 5.39, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intubation related complications between the two groups. Patients in Group E had a much lower incidence of recall (9.68% vs. 44.90%, χ = 47.68, P < 0.001) of the induction process and higher satisfaction levels than patients in Group C (t = 15.36, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The FDAE significantly reduces the need for awake intubation and improves the efficiency of the intubation process without comprising safety in patients with potential difficult mask ventilation and DI.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b>No. ChiCTR-TRC-11001418; http://www.gctr.org/cn/proj/show.aspx?proj=1562.</p>

GATA3-IL-13 pathway gene polymorphisms are associated with serum IL-13 and asthma / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease .The data show that involvement of the GATA 3-IL-13 gene in asthma is biologically plausible .The objective of this study is investigated the association of GATA 3-IL13 gene polymorphisms and IL-13 levels with asthma;assess the correlations between GATA 3-IL-13 gene SNPs polymorphisms and serum levels of IL-13 in population of Xinjiang (China).Methods:A case group of 279 patients and 277 healthy controls were genotyped to perform using the MassARRAY SNP genotyping system.In 279 asthma patients and 277 controls,IL-13 levels were measured by ELISA.Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) 22.0 (IBM,NY,USA) and Graph Pad Prism 6.0.Results:Patients were found that IL-13 levels were associated with asthma in asthmatic and the IL-13 ( rs2066960 AA ) , GATA3 ( rs3781093 CC) genotype was associated with a notably increased risk of asthma compared with the CC (rs2066960),TT (rs3781093) genotype (P<0.05).Similarly,IL-13(rs2066960) C-A alleles were significantly associated with risk of asthma (P<0.05).However,the rs3781093 C-T alleles had no obvious differences (P>0.05).In addition,the patients carrying the rs2066960 AA genotype presented with higher IL-13 levels compared to the CC group .Conclusion:This result suggests that the rs 2066960 C-A variant is associated with IL-33 levels in patients with asthma .

Effects of Nourishing Yin Removing Fire Chinese Herbs on Gene Expression of Hypothalamic Ghrelin and its Receptor in Female Precocious Rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of nourishing yin removing fire Chinese herbs (NYRF-CH) on the gene expression of hypothalamic growth hormone secretion peptide (Ghrelin) and its receptor growth hormone secretion peptide receptor 1alpha (GHSR1-alpha) at the puberty onset of danazol induced female precocious rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the normal group (N), the model group (M), the normal saline intervention group (NS), and the NYRFCH intervention group (NI), 10 in each group. 300 microg danazol was subcutaneously injected to all rats except those in the N group to prepare precocious rat model. NYRFCH and normal saline was respectively administered to rats in the NI and the NS group from the 15th day old for 7-10 days. No treatment was given to rats in the N group. Time of rats' vulva opening was recorded. Ovary index and uterus index were calculated. Peripheral blood levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), and hypothalamic contents of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) as well as the gene expression of hypothalamic Ghrelin and GHSR1-alpha were determined. Results Compared with the N group, the vulva opening time was advanced in the model group; peripheral blood levels of E2 and LH, uterus index, hypothalamic contents of GnRH increased; peripheral blood FSH levels and mRNA levels of hypothalamic Ghrelin and GHSR1-alpha decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the M group and the NS group, the vulva opening time was not advanced in the NI group; peripheral blood levels of E2 and LH, uterus index and hypothalamic contents of GnRH obviously decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); mRNA levels of hypothalamic Ghrelin and GHSR1-alpha increased (all P < 0.01). But there was no statistical difference in the hypothalamic contents of Ghrelin, or the number and activity of GHSR1-alpha (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NYRFCH had regulatory effect on regulating hypothalamic Ghrelin and GHSR1-alpha at gene transcription levels.</p>

Clinical investigation of Chinese medicine syndromes in two hundred girls of advanced puberty / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>OBJECTIVE To analyze the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome typing features for girls with advanced puberty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CM symptoms of girls with advanced puberty in the Department of CM, Children's Hospital of Fudan University from March 2008 to March 2011 were recruited and statistically analyzed. The CM syndrome typing features were summed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Yin deficiency induced fire hyperactivity syndrome (174 cases, accounting for 87.0%) occupied the highest ratio in the main syndrome diagnosis, followed by Gan depression transforming into fire syndrome (25 cases, accounting for 12.5%) and the endoretention of damp heat syndrome (1 case, accounting for 0.5%). The mean rank of the 3 syndrome types was sequenced from yin deficiency induced fire hyperactivity syndrome (462.87), Gan depression transforming into fire syndrome (287.22), and the endoretention of damp heat syndrome (146.91). Of them 149 (accounting for 74.5%) girls were diagnosed with both yin deficiency induced fire hyperactivity syndrome and Gan depression transforming into fire syndrome. Yin deficiency induced fire hyperactivity syndrome accompanied with Gan depression transforming into fire syndrome was the most often seen (88 cases, accounting for 44.0%), followed by Gan depression transforming into fire syndrome accompanied with yin deficiency induced fire hyperactivity syndrome (46 cases, accounting for 23.0%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Yin deficiency induced fire hyperactivity syndrome and Gan depression transforming into fire syndrome were the leading patterns of CM syndrome typing for girls with advanced puberty. It must not neglect their combinations in clinical syndrome typing.</p>

Design of standard voice sample text for subjective auditory perceptual evaluation of voice disorders / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To design a speech voice sample text with all phonemes in Mandarin for subjective auditory perceptual evaluation of voice disorders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The principles for design of a speech voice sample text are: The short text should include the 21 initials and 39 finals, this may cover all the phonemes in Mandarin. Also, the short text should have some meanings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A short text was made out. It had 155 Chinese words, and included 21 initials and 38 finals (the final, ê, was not included because it was rarely used in Mandarin). Also, the text covered 17 light tones and one "Erhua". The constituent ratios of the initials and finals presented in this short text were statistically similar as those in Mandarin according to the method of similarity of the sample and population (r = 0.742, P < 0.001 and r = 0.844, P < 0.001, respectively). The constituent ratios of the tones presented in this short text were statistically not similar as those in Mandarin (r = 0.731, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A speech voice sample text with all phonemes in Mandarin was made out. The constituent ratios of the initials and finals presented in this short text are similar as those in Mandarin. Its value for subjective auditory perceptual evaluation of voice disorders need further study.</p>

Differential actions of intrathecal nociceptin on persistent spontaneous nociception, hyperalgesia and inflammation produced by subcutaneous bee venom injection in conscious rats / 生理学报

Nociceptin is an endogenous ligand for the opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor. The present study was designed to investigate spinal actions of nociceptin on the spontaneous nociception, hyperalgesia and inflammation induced by subcutaneous bee venom injection. Subcutaneous injection of bee venom into one hindpaw of conscious rat produced a persistent spontaneous nociception followed by a long-lasting primary heat and mechanical hyperalgesia as well as local inflammation. Compared with the pre-saline group, pretreatment with intrathecal injection of three doses (3, 10 and 30 nmol) of nociceptin produced significant suppression on the spontaneous paw flinching reflex. The inhibitory rates were 37+/-7, 43+/-6 and 57+/-11%, respectively, which were enhanced with an increase in the concentration of nociceptin. The inhibitory action of nociceptin was completely antagonized by a new selective ORL1 receptor antagonist CompB (30 nmol). Pre-treatment with 10 nmol nociceptin prior to bee venom produced no significant effect on the occurrence of primary heat and mechanical hyperalgesia, nor did post-treatment with the same dose again 3 h after bee venom injection. Additionally, pre-treatment with nociceptin had no effect on the bee venom-induced increase in paw thickness and volume and the plasma protein extravasation. These results indicate that intrathecal nociceptin has no effect on primary heat and mechanical hyperalgesia as well as inflammation, but has dose-related anti-nociceptive effect on the bee venom-induced persistent spontaneous nociception via activation of spinal ORL1 receptor.

Effects of etomidate on local synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the adult rat spinal cord / 生理学报

By using blind spinal slice whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we observed the influence of etomidate (ET) on synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the adult rat spinal cord. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (7~8 weeks old) were anaesthetized with urethane (1.2 g/kg, i.p.), and then lumbosacral laminectomy was performed. The lumbosacral spinal cord (L1~S3) was removed and placed in preoxygenated Krebs solution at 1~3 degrees C. After cutting all of the ventral and dorsal roots, the pia-arachnoid membrane was removed. The spinal cord was mounted on a vibrating microslicer and then a 500 microm thick transverse slice was cut. The slice was placed on a nylon mesh in the recording chamber, and then perfused at a rate of 15~20 ml/min with Krebs solution saturated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, and maintained at 36+/-1 degrees C. Substantia gelatinosa neurons were identified by their location. Under a binocular microscope and with transmitted illumination, the substantia gelatinosa was clearly discernible as a relatively translucent band across the dorsal horn. The resistance of patch clamp electrodes was 8~12 Msigma. Signals were gained by using an Axopatch 200B amplifier with low-passfiltered at 5 kHz, and digitized at 333 kHz with an A/D converter. The results are as follows. (1) To see whether or not ET has any effects on the local miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC), the holding potential was set up at -70 mV. Under such a condition extracellular superfusion was made with 1 micromol/L TTX for 2 min first, which was followed by consistent application of 500 micromol/L ET and 1 micromol/L TTX for 1 min. It was shown that ET did not influence the decay time, frequency and amplitude of mEPSC, when compared to the control. (2) To see whether or not ET has any effects on the local miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSC) mediated by GABA(A) receptor, the holding potential was set up at 0 mV. Under this condition extracellular superfusion was made with 1 micromol/L TTX and 1 micromol/L strychnine, an antagonist of glycine receptor, for 2 min, and then with consistent application of 50 micromol/L ET, 1 micromol/L TTX and 1 micromol/L strychnine for 1 min. ET prolonged the decay time of GABAergic mIPSC by 45.57+/-12.46% (P<0.05), but did not influence the frequency and amplitude of GABAergic mIPSC, when compared with the control. (3) To see whether or not ET has any effects on the local mIPSC mediated by glycine receptor, the holding potential was also set up at 0 mV, and under this condition extracellular superfusion was made with 1 mmol/L TTX and 10 mmol/L bicuculline, an antagonist also set up at 0 mV, and under this condition extracellular superfusion was made with 1 micromol/L TTX and 10 micromol/L bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA(A) receptor, for 2 min, and then with consistent application of 50 micromol/L ET, 1 micromol/L TTX and 10 micromol/L bicuculline for 1 min. ET had no effects on decay time, frequency and amplitude of glycinergic mIPSC. The above-mentioned results show that ET plays anesthetic or analgesic roles by modulating the decay time of GABAergic mIPSC, i.e. by prolonging the mean open time of GABA(A) receptors, however, ET has no direct effect on local excitatory synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the adult rat spinal cord.

Inhibitory effects of spinal propofol on the responses of spinal dorsal horn neurons in normal rats / 生理学报

Spinal dorsal horn neurons play an important role in the processing of sensory information and are also targets of modulation by both endogenous and exogenous drugs. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic and whether it has direct modulatory actions on sensory neuronal responses of the spinal cord dorsal horn has not been well studied. In the present study, a single dose (0.5 micromol) of propofol dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was directly applied onto the dorsal surface of the spinal cord and its effect was evaluated in 25 wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons and 10 low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) neurons by using extracellular single unit recording technique in sodium pentobarbital anesthetized rats. Compared with the DMSO treatment, propofol produced a significant inhibition of WDR neuronal activity evoked by both noxious heat (45, 47, 49 or 53 degrees C, 15 s) and mechanical (pinch, 10 s) stimuli applied to their cutaneous receptive fields (cRF) on the ipsilateral hind paw skin. To investigate whether propofol exerts a modulatory effect on non-nociceptive afferent-mediated activity, the responses of WDR or LTM neurons to non-noxious brush and pressure were also evaluated. The non-noxious mechanically-evoked responses of both WDR and LTM neurons were significantly suppressed by propofol. The present results indicate that propofol has direct actions on the dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord in rats. However, since both non-nociceptive and nociceptive afferent-mediated activity can be suppressed, the spinal effects of propofol are not likely to be specifically associated with anti-nociception.

Effects of Smad7 on transdifferentiation and collagen I synthesis in AGE-stimulated NRK52E cells / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of smad7 on transdifferentiation and collagenⅠsynthesis in advanced glyeosylation end-products(AGE)-stimulated NRK52E cells.Methods NRK52E cells were transferred by pTet-on plasmid system and the cell lines of doxycycline(Dox)-regulated Smad7 expression were selected for the study.Transnuclear location of p-Smad2/3 was examined with immunocytochemistry.The mRNA and protein expressions of Smad7,?-SMA,E-cadherin,collagenⅠwere detected with RT-PCR and Western blot. Results AGE-induced expressions of Smad7 mRNA and protein were further increased in NRK52E cells by the addition of Dox in a dose-dependent manner.Overexpression of Smad7 caused a marked inhibition of p-Smad2/3 transnuclear location at 30 min(68.3% vs 31.2%,P